Everything about Regalianus totally explained
P. C(assius?) Regalianus (d.
260) was a
Roman usurper against
Gallienus.
The main source of information is the unreliable
Historia Augusta. Other sources are
Eutropius, who calls him
Trebellianus, and
Aurelius Victor and the
Epitome, which call him Regillianus. About his origin, the
Tyranni Triginta says he was a
Dacian, a kinsman of
Decebalus. He probably was of senatorial rank.
After the defeat and capture of Emperor
Valerian in the east (260), the border populations felt insecure, and elected their own emperors to guarantee they'd have leaders against the threat of foreigners. The population and the army of the province of
Pannonia had chosen
Ingenuus, and elected him emperor, but the lawful emperor, Gallienus, had defeated the usurper.
Gallienus had moved to
Italia, however, to deal with an invasion of the Alamanni. The local population, facing the threat of the
Sarmatians, elected Regalianus emperor, who raised his wife
Sulpicia Dryantilla to the rank of
Augusta to strengthen his position. Regalianus bravely fought against the Sarmatians. After his victory, he was killed by a coalition of his own people and of the
Roxolani.
A few anecdotes survive about this man, in the brief biographical sketch of him given in the Book on
Thirty Tyrants in the
Historia Augusta: it's stated for example that he was raised to the throne because of his name (Regalianus, "of a king" or "kingly"); when his soldiers heard this jest they greeted Regalianus as their emperor.
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